Religious+Discrimination


 * __SECTION XI: RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION __**

** 2. ** ** ABSENCES TAKEN FOR RELIGIOUS OBSERVATIONS  ** ** 3. ** **CONTRACTUAL PROVISION FOR OBSERVANCE OF RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS** **4. CLERGY AS SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS ** **5. ****__BOARD POLICY __** **6. ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS ** ||
 * __LINKS TO SPECIFIC TOPICS__: **
 * ** 1. ** **TIME OFF FOR TEACHERS TO COMMEMORATE RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS OR OBSERVATIONS**


 * First Amendment and Title VII protection: **

School districts are not to discriminate against individuals from “obtaining or retaining employment” based on religious beliefs (New York State School Boards Association [NYSSBA], 2010, p. 239,School Law§ 11:111). Under Title VII, this includes “all aspects of religious observances, practices, and beliefs” (Essex, 2012, p. 236).


 * 1. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: TIME OFF FOR TEACHERS TO COMMEMORATE RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS OR OBSERVATIONS__ **


 * United States **** Supreme Court: **
 * A school district is required “by law to make reasonable accommodations for teachers and other district employees who desire time off for religious observances, but if the district can demonstrate “undue hardship” to the district, the time off can be denied” (NYSSBA, 2010, p. 239, School Law § 11:111).
 * //Ansonia// //BOE// //v. Philbrook//, 479 U.S. 60 (1986)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> //Sherbert v. Verner//, 374 U.S. 398 (1963)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> //Transworld Airlines Inc. v. Hardison//, 432 U.S. 63, 97 S.Ct. 2264 (1977)


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: ABSENCES TAKEN FOR RELIGIOU__ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">S OBSERVATIONS __**


 * Federal District Court **** (New York): **
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "As practicable in its reasonable judgment, an employer may require employees to make up an absence resulting from a religious accommodation with an equivalent amount of time and work at some other mutually convenient time" (NYSSBA, 2010, p. 239, School Law § 11:112**).**
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Executive Law § 296 (10)(a-d)


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: CONTRACTUAL PROVISION FOR__ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">OBSERVANCE OF RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS __**


 * Federal Appellate Courts (outside New York): **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Split decisions in courts as to whether or not school districts must “recognize a provision in a collective bargaining agreement that authorized teachers to take as paid leave any religious holidays designated by the commissioner of education, without charging the leave time to any of their leave accruals” (NYSSBA, 2010, p. 240, School Law § 11:113).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">//Port Washington// //UFSD v. Port Wash. Teachers Ass’n//, 268 A.D.2d 523 (2d Dept) appeal denied, 95N.Y.2d 761 (2000)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">// Auburn Enlarged City Sch. Dist // ., 30 PERB ¶ 3033 (1997)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">// Eastchester UFSD //, 29 PERB ¶ 3041
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">// Maine-Endwell Teachers’ Assn v. BOE of Maine-Endell CSD //, 3 A.D.3d 685 (3d Dept 2004)


 * 4. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: CLERGY AS SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS__ **


 * United States **** Supreme Court: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Ruled that any clergy who “meet all statutory qualifications to run for public office, may not be banned from those public positions” (NYSSBA, 2010, p. 17, School Law § 2:16).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">//McDaniel v. Paty//, 435 U.S. 618 (1978)


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: BOARD POLICY__ **


 * Board Policy 6120 ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">: EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is the policy of this District to provide, through a positive and effective program, equal opportunities for employment, retention and advancement of all people regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, political affiliation, sex, sexual orientation, age, marital status, military status, veteran status, disability, predisposing genetic characteristics, use of a recognized guide dog, hearing dog or service dog, or domestic violence victim status. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sexual orientation is defined as heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality, whether actual or perceived. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The term "military status" means a person's participation in the military service of the United States or the military service of the state, including but not limited to, the armed forces of the United States, the army national guard, the air national guard, the New York naval militia, the New York guard, and such additional forces as may be created by the federal or state government as authorized by law. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Provisions will be provided for the publication and dissemination, internally and externally of this policy to ensure its availability to interested citizens and groups. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Additionally, administration shall establish grievance procedures that provide for the prompt and equitable resolution of complaints alleging discrimination. Those intending to file a grievance due to alleged discrimination must follow the grievance procedure as established by the District. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 United States Code (USC) Section 2000d et seq. (Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color or national origin.) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 United States Code (USC) Section 2000e et seq. (Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 United States Code (USC) Section 1681 Civil Rights Law Section 40-c <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, marital status or disability. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Civil Service Law Section 75-B <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Executive Law Section 290 et seq. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Prohibits discrimination on the basis of age, race, creed, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, disability, military status, predisposing genetic characteristics, marital status, use of a recognized guide dog, hearing dog or service dog, or domestic violence victim status. (Allegany-Limestone Central School Board of Education, 2011, Board Policy 6120)

= = = Administrative Regulation: 6122 = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**General Statement:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. __RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION: ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS__ **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: justify;">The Allegany-LimestoneCentralSchool Districtdoes not discriminate on the basis of sex, age, veteran or marital status, political affiliation, race, creed or religion, color, national origin, or disability in the employment and educational opportunities it offers, including vocational educational opportunities as required by Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. (Allegany-LimestoneCentralSchool District, 2002, Administrative Regulation 6122). Guidelines: Employees of theAllegany-LimestoneCentralSchool Districtare protected from discrimination in the following areas:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Access to employment including: recruitment policies and practices; advertising; application procedures; testing and interviewing practices.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Hiring and promotion including: selection practices; application of nepotism policies; demotion, layoff, termination; tenure.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Compensation including: wages and salaries; extra compensations.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Job assignments including: classification and position descriptions; lines of progression; seniority lists; assignment and placement.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Leaves of absence including: leaves for temporary disability; childbearing leave and related medical conditions; childrearing leave.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Fringe benefits including: insurance plans; retirement plans; vacation time; travel opportunities; selection and support for training; employer-sponsored programs.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Labor organization contracts or professional agreements. (Allegany-LimestoneCentralSchool District, 2002, Administrative Regulation 6122)